http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/~w3his/D-1917-Constitution.Mexico.reader.pdf
zedillo.presidencia.gob.mx/welcome/PAGES/culture/note_5feb.html
Article 123 formulates labor and social security laws. This article applies to day laborers, artisans and domestic servants. The article defines the minimum labor age (14 years of age), maximum work hours (8 hours per day), maximum night shift duration (7 hours), minimum wages requiring equal pay for equal work regardless of sex or nationality, as well as a mandatory maternal leave "in the month following childbirth" and avoidance of strenuous work activities "In the three months prior to childbirth"(Article 123 section A-5). During the nursing period,.mothers are required to have 2 periods of rest during work hours to nurse children The article prohibits dangerous work activities to be performed by women and minor under 16 years of age. The article outlines work environment for the agricultural, industrial and mining enterprises. It also offers insurance for disability, involuntary work stoppage, accidents, and more. Workers are required to have one day of rest per six days of work. Workers and employers are allowed to form unions to defend their interests.
Article 123 is significant because it defined Mexico's labor laws and defended workers rights as well as defining who is allowed to work. There was neither gender nor racial discrimination of work and pay. 123 was the only article that allowed workers to create unions and defend their interests. The article also established a mandatory rest day during the work week, equal pay for equal work, and compensation for any work-related accidents or incidents.
Article 123 was passed unanimously.
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